A Tutorial on Battery Simulation - Matching Power Source to Electronic System

We use an electrical circuit model to simulate the performance of a battery as it powers the operation of a digital circuit. For a hypothetical electronic system containing 70 million gates implemented in 45nm CMOS technology the problem of finding a suitable battery is analyzed. The proposed three part solution consists of (1) circuit simulation to determine critical path delay and average current as functions of supply voltage, (2) battery simulation to determine its efficiency and lifetime (time between recharges) at various current loads and to find suitable batteries for the electronic system, and (3) derivation of operational modes (supply voltages and clock frequencies) for maximum performance and minimum energy, respectively.